PA 340 - COMMERCIAL GROUND I

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REFERENCES:
REQUIRED: The Department of Professional Aviation Training Course  Outline for the Commercial   Pilot Certificate.
"The Advanced Pilot's Flight Manual", William K. Kreshner,  Iowa State University Press.
 "The FAR/AIM", Aviation Supplies and Academic, Inc. (or equivalent).
RECOMMENDED: A commercial pilot FAA examination study guide.

LESSON 1: COURSE INTRODUCTION
    Course introduction
    Course objectives
    Tests and grading procedures
    Expectations
    Attendance policy
    Text books required and/or suggested
    The Training Course Outline
    The Commercial Pilot Certification
    FAR 141 Appendix D requirements
    FAR 61.139 privilege and limitations
    A review of mathematics for pilots
    An introduction to airplane performance factors
    Coefficient of lift
    Stall speed
    Maximum range considerations
    Maximum endurance
    Maximum glide distance and minimum sink glides
    Maneuvering speed

LESSON 2: AN INTRODUCTION TO AIRPLANE AERODYNAMICS
    Atmospheric properties that affect airplane performance
    Atmospheric composition
    Static pressure
    Temperature
    Air density
    Viscosity
    The creation of lift
    The continuity equation
    Bernoulli's equation
    Newton's laws
    Airspeed measurement
    Airfoil terminology
    Aerodynamic forces that affect the lift of an airfoil
    Lift defined
    Coefficient of lift
    Angle of attack
    Airfoil shape
    Airfoil section
    Planform
    High versus low wing
    Aspect ratio
    Boundary layer
    Vortex generators
    High lift devices
    Trailing edge flaps
    Leading edge flaps
    Slots
    Slats
    Winglets
    Spoilers
    Flight mechanics
    The equilibrium of an airplane
    Forces and moments in straight and level flight
    Forces in a turn
    Forces in a climb
    Forces in a glide
    Airplane stress and limits of operation
    Load factors; general
    Load factor and airspeed
    The maneuver envelope
    Gust load factors
    Wing loading
    Drag
    Parasite
    Induced
    Coefficient of drag
    Wake turbulence
    Ground effect
    Stalls
    Wing design and the stall
    Stall recognition
    Stall recovery
    Spins
    Aircraft power and thrust
    Reciprocating engine power
    Types of power
    Thrust defined
    Propeller definitions
    Forces acting on a propeller
    Types of propellers

LESSON 3: AIRPLANE STABILITY AND CONTROL
    Stability defined
    Static stability
    Dynamic stability
    Longitudinal stability
    Directional stability
    Roll stability
    Airplane design and stability

LESSON 4: TEST AND EVALUATION
The examination shall, as a minimum, consist of at least 50 FAA type multiple     choice questions. The period after the exam will include time for a review and evaluation of the student's performance on this examination.

LESSON 5: AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE
    Takeoff performance
    Takeoff variables
    Density altitude
    The normal takeoff
    Short field takeoff
    Soft field takeoff
    Crosswind takeoff
    Some practical considerations
    Takeoff performance charts
    Crosswind/headwind components
    Takeoff roll
    Airplane climb performance
    Power curve considerations
    Rate climb
    Angle climb
    Cruise climb
    Computing time, fuel, and distance to climb
    Cruise control
    Establishing cruise speed
    Maximum range performance
    Maximum endurance performance
    Cruise performance charts
    Glides and descents
    The glide ratio
    Factors that affect glide rate and distance
    Optimum glide
    Sink rate
    Glide performance charts
    Landings in general
    Variables that affect landing roll
    The normal landing approach
    The landing roll
    Short field landings
    Landing with strong or gusty winds
    Landing with a crosswind
    Hydroplaning
    Landing performance charts

LESSON 6: AIRPLANE WEIGHT AND BALANCE
    Weight and balance in general
    Load factor definitions
    Basic principles of airplane weight and balance
    Computing weight and balance using airplane data
    Computing the effect of weight changes
    Computing the effect of weight shifts.

LESSON 7: AIRPLANE SYSTEMS
    Power plant
    Oil systems
    Cooling systems
    Ignition systems
    Engine instruments
    Propellers
    Primary Flight controls and trim
    Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers
    Fuel systems
    Electrical systems
    Hydraulic systems
    Heating and air conditioning
    Environmental systems
    Cabin pressurization
    Oxygen systems
    Landing gear systems
    Struts
    Brakes
    Tires
    Deicing and anti-icing systems
    Avionics systems
    The minimum equipment list (MEL)
    Aircraft requiring the use of an MEL
    Airworthiness limitations with inoperative instruments and equipment
    Requirement for FAA letter of authorization
    Supplemental type certificates
    Instrument and equipment exceptions
    Special flight permits
    Procedures for deferring maintenance without an MEL

LESSON 8: TEST AND EVALUATION
The examination shall, as a minimum, consist of at least 50 FAA type multiple choice questions. The period after the exam will include time for a review and evaluation of the student's performance on this examination.

LESSON 9: COMMERCIAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS
    Taxiing in high winds
    Flying in turbulence
    Aircraft lighting
    Cold weather operations
    Collision avoidance
    Propeller safety

LESSON 10: FAA REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO THE COMMERCIAL
                        CERTIFICATE
    FAR Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviations
    FAR Part 23: Requirements for certificates, ratings and authorizations
    FAR Part 61: Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors
    FAR Part 71: Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace
    FAR Part 91: General Operating and Flight Rules
    FAR PART 125: Certification and Operations
    FAR PART 135: Air Taxi and Commercial Operators
    FAR Part 830: Notification and Reporting Accidents and  Incidents
    FAR Part 141: Schools and Other Certificated Agencies
    The Airman Information Manual

LESSON 11\: AIRPORTS, AIRSPACE AND AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
    Runway and taxiway markings
    Airport signs
    Airport lighting
    Visual approach indicators
    Airspace classification
    Class A Airspace
    Class B Airspace
    Class C Airspace
    Class D Airspace
    Class E Airspace
    Class G Airspace
    Special Use Airspace
    Airport and traffic pattern operations including
    Operations at controlled airports
    Radio communications
    Collision avoidance
    Operations in congested airspace

LESSON 12 : FINAL COURSE REVIEW
This is a comprehensive review of the course material. The instructor will walk the student through the highlights of the course and provide the student the opportunity to review and correct their notes.

LESSON 13: STAGE ONE FINAL TEST AND EVALUATION
The examination shall, as a minimum, consist of at least 50 FAA type multiple choice questions.